Common signs

What parents may notice

  • Persistent unexplained fever
  • Unusual pallor or tiredness
  • Recurring or unexplained bruising or bleeding
  • A lump or swelling that persists or grows
  • Persistent bone or joint pain
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Recurring headache with vomiting or neurological change
  • White reflection in the pupil or new vision concern
Possible reasons

What can cause it?

These symptoms are more often caused by common childhood conditions than cancer. The purpose of a warning-sign page is not to create fear; it is to encourage appropriate assessment when a pattern is persistent, unexplained or worsening.

When to book

When should your child be assessed?

  • Symptoms persist despite routine care
  • Several warning signs occur together
  • Blood counts are abnormal
  • A lump, swelling or pain is progressive
  • The child has an existing diagnosis and the family needs a second opinion
Urgent warning signs

When to seek immediate care

  • Severe bleeding
  • Breathing difficulty
  • Altered consciousness or seizure
  • Severe weakness or collapse
  • A child on cancer treatment with fever should follow the treating team's urgent instructions
At the specialist visit

How the concern may be evaluated

  • Detailed history and physical examination
  • Review of blood counts and previous records
  • Targeted imaging or further tests according to findings
  • Pathology review when a diagnosis is suspected or established
  • A clear referral and treatment pathway
Prepare

What to do before the visit

  • Bring all reports and scans
  • Note duration and progression of symptoms
  • List medicines and recent infections
  • Do not delay urgent hospital care while seeking an online second opinion
Questions parents ask

The real questions, answered.

Not what we wish you'd ask. What you're actually thinking when you find this page.

Book a consultation
Do bruises mean my child has leukaemia?

Usually not. Bruises are common in active children, but unusual, frequent or unexplained bruising with other symptoms should be assessed.

Can a normal blood count rule out every childhood cancer?

No single test rules out every cancer. Testing depends on the symptom pattern and examination.

When should a lump be checked?

A persistent, growing, hard or unexplained lump should be medically assessed.

Can infections cause similar symptoms?

Yes. Fever, tiredness, enlarged lymph nodes and blood-count changes can occur with infections and other non-cancer conditions.

Can I get a second opinion before treatment starts?

Yes, when clinically safe. Urgent treatment should not be delayed, and the reviewing specialist needs complete records.

Persistent symptoms deserve a clear next step.

Speak with Paediatric Haemato-Oncology or contact our team to organise the right starting point.