Common signs

What parents may notice

  • Persistent pallor or tiredness
  • Unexplained bruising or bleeding
  • Recurring fever or infections
  • Bone or joint pain
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Abdominal fullness from liver or spleen enlargement
  • Weight loss or reduced appetite
  • Abnormal blood counts
Possible reasons

What can cause it?

Most childhood leukaemia arises from acquired changes in developing blood cells, and parents did not cause it. Rare inherited conditions or previous treatments can increase risk, but most children have no identifiable risk factor.

When to book

When should your child be assessed?

  • Blood counts are abnormal
  • Leukaemia is suspected or diagnosed
  • The family needs a treatment-plan review
  • Response or complications need specialist assessment
  • A second opinion is desired before or during treatment
Urgent warning signs

When to seek immediate care

  • Fever during chemotherapy according to the treating team's urgent plan
  • Severe bleeding
  • Breathing difficulty
  • Altered consciousness or seizure
  • Marked weakness, collapse or rapid deterioration
At the specialist visit

How the concern may be evaluated

  • Blood count and peripheral smear
  • Bone-marrow examination
  • Flow cytometry and genetic tests
  • Imaging or spinal-fluid assessment when indicated
  • Risk-adapted protocol and supportive-care plan
Prepare

What to do before the visit

  • Bring pathology and flow-cytometry reports
  • Bring treatment protocol and medicine list
  • Bring scans, discharge summaries and transfusion records
  • Write down questions about diagnosis, risk and location of care
Questions parents ask

The real questions, answered.

Not what we wish you'd ask. What you're actually thinking when you find this page.

Book a consultation
Can a blood test alone diagnose leukaemia?

Blood tests may strongly suggest it, but bone-marrow and specialised tests usually confirm type and guide treatment.

Is childhood leukaemia treatable?

Many childhood leukaemias respond well to modern treatment, but prognosis depends on type, biology, response and individual factors.

How long does treatment take?

Duration varies by leukaemia type and protocol and may extend over months or years.

Can treatment be given in day care?

Many planned chemotherapy and supportive-care visits can occur in day care, while some phases or complications require hospital admission.

When is a second opinion useful?

It can help confirm diagnosis, pathology, risk classification, treatment protocol and the most appropriate site of care.

Persistent symptoms deserve a clear next step.

Speak with Paediatric Haemato-Oncology or contact our team to organise the right starting point.